Dubliners by James Joyce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dubliners by James Joyce - Essay Example The loss of motion may likewise identify with the degree of the innovation of the spot particularly in the twenty first century. So as to expand on this case, the activity will expound different portrayals from the different stories. All the accounts in the Dubliners are associated by regular subjects, for example, defilement, loss of motion and passing. These render the characters fixed and unequipped for moving forward and building up their status. Rather, the characters move forward in certain occasions and retreat subsequently causing an interminable circle. The principal story, The Sisters, majors on a kid and his guide called Father Flynn. The cleric has been coaching the kid and the kid has progressed in his reasoning and conduct. His uncle reveals to him the shortcomings of his coach and persuades him never to connect with him again (Tagleri 15). He educates the kid that the cleric had endured a third stroke and had made an admission on his condition. At the point when the kid is in the long run educated regarding Father Flynn’s demise, he feels less miserable. The kid watches the earthy colored and yellow teeth of the expired, inferring a rot and static turn of events and typifies their constrainment. For this situation, the general public is all around persuaded of the priest’s bad marks to the general public through his loss of motion and the possible passing. The kid feels opportunity from the impulses of the minister. The kid neglects to advance because of his adherence to the ideas from the general public individu als. This is an account of two young men that additionally delineate loss of motion in the general public and individual sexuality. The story delineates two young men during their experience and the pursuit of a wild feline. They experience a man who begins by soliciting them from the books they have perused. The young men start to consider inspiration of the man because of his intuition on books. The more peculiar at that point asks about their lady friends. The man proceeds to jerk off before the young men. This is a more noteworthy degree of loss of motion of ethics (Papadopoulou 32). The young men are t

Accounting Statement Analysis

Question: Talk about the Accounting Statement Analysis. Answer: Presentation: The FASB and IASB, both administrative bodies are adhered to the rule based norms. In any case, the crucial ideas on a few issues feature unimportant interior irregularity so as to reveal matters in rational bookkeeping identified with account and system for announcing (Hashim O'Hanlon and Li 2015.). Sadly, the individual applied structures of unmistakable standard setters can come to concessions to specific standard setting issues, which might be transient in nature on the grounds that various observations could be followed to determine that specific issues (Lin 2015). Thus, both the previously mentioned standard setting bodies may arrive at fundamentally various results despite the fact that its indistinguishable. This reality mirrors an irregularity in gauges. This is the significant purpose for the advancement of the applied system. To improve the significant endeavors, then again, the IASB Framework is intended to help both the standard setters and gets ready while uncovering re alities in the announcement of money related under the calculated structure (Rivera et al 2014). This is another explanation which revels the necessity of the applied system. Thirdly, the arranged methodology in the joint venture may help to merging both FASB and IASB principles. Every one of these reasons are sufficiently very to legitimize the prerequisites to refine, update, total and combining gauges into a typical applied structure. By following a reasonable system, the rule based guidelines can make comprehends to following realities: This will assist with guaranteeing the consistency among principles and between the past and future choice makings to arrive at flawless resolutions. The system will guarantee that principles are not founded on singular impression of the board individuals from the standard setters. It is required to bring consistency between the readiness of the announcements, understanding and revealing of the data contains in the detailing entitys fiscal summaries. A theoretical structure makes activity as a composed constitution for bookkeeping and revealing of the announcements of money related. Despite the fact that both IASB and FASB is adhered to head based guidelines, it is imperative to have a typical applied system for clients and gets ready of the announcement of money related to make comprehend that principles and practices of bookkeeping depend on normal belief system (Gerber, Gerber and Van der Merwe 2014). Subsequently, the arrangement of specific issues would get similar outcomes. All the more explicitly, a typical reasonable system needs to empower for refinement, achievement, update and intermingling between the current structure of IASB and the idea articulations introduced by the rules gave by the FASB. The update, hence, is vital in light of the fact that these structures were conceptualized in the time of 1970 and 1980 (Holder et al 2013). In any case, it is significant that the applied systems need not change the fundamental structure of the ideas. All the more significantly, the normal calculated system needs to have comparative quantitative qualities of the bookkeeping data, components of bookkeeping articulations, properties, models for acknowledgment in the revealing entitys proclamations alongside show in explanations and exposure in notes and different parts of the detailing. It is now suggested that different gatherings can get advantage from a calculated system. To set up the announcements of money related and detailing toward the finish of the monetary period, calculated structure can enable the few bodies to like the budgetary standard setters, evaluators, plans of records, and the clients of articulation of monetary (clients, countrys administrative organizations, financial specialists, government, workers, banks, providers and the investigators of account). Notwithstanding, it isn't correct that theoretical system is more critical for specific gatherings than others. The explanation for the equivalent necessities of theoretical structure to all gatherings is as per the following: A calculated structure by and large examines the arrangement of interconnected goals and essentials which needs to uphold for getting the steady outcomes toward the finish of the announcing time frame (Satin and Huffman 2015). Obviously, the arrangement of the announcement of money related, revealing, investigation, and clarification are totally interconnected with one another (Brouwer, Faramarzi and Hoogendoorn 2014). To settle on financial choices, IASB Framework by and large underscored on the data identified with money which are required by a wide scope of clients, for example, workers, speculators, banks, clients, providers, governments and the general population. Then again, the FASB stresses convenience with respect to the credit choices and speculations by their idea articulations (Barker et al 2014). In this way, the regular calculated system will be useful for every one of these gatherings similarly. For example, the theoretical structures may refer to general enthusiasm of outer clients of the announcements while surveying potential new money inflows to the association. By unveiling the capacity to produce net money inflows may significant realities for representatives, providers. Then again, the judgment of the outer clients about the limit and capacity impacts on the financial choices of an endeavor (Pelger 2016). In this way, all monetary viewpoints are interrelated and reliable with one another. Managing every one of these elements in the reasonable structure, thusly, is significant for all gatherings for keeping up consistency all through the budgetary stages. In spite of the fact that both FASB and IASB have adhered to normal rule based guidelines, cross-cutting issues have been reflected in the territories that contention between the few principles (Fisher and Nehmer 2016). Followed by the individual reasonable structures of individual standard setters, undertakings frequently discover irregularity in money related revealing and less-mix between the different norms too (Murphy and OConnell 2013). For instance, the judiciousness and the collection under the Prudence and Going Concern have been spoken to in various way under the accompanying rules gave by the FASB and IASB. It is noticed that as indicated by IAS1, where the gatherings ideas activity is conflicting alongside Prudence. Subsequently cross cutting issues is being considered as significant in light of the fact that it makes a vulnerability into account in the advantages and liabilities (Oliver 2014). In the more extensive points of view, cross-cutting issues are significant vie wpoints for money related announcing which should be settled under the applied structure for accomplishing the union on specific issues. Organizations are believed to record the gathered liabilities and the for the ecological and recovery matters. This likewise thinks about the destruction of the previous working offices and the different commitments, which are expressed under Asset retirement commitments (ARO). The collections identified with the natural imperatives are believed to be identified with the assessments for the expense of the remediation of the past appraisals identified with the lawful expenses for progressing suit and worked destinations. The organizations are believed to record an arrangement corresponding to natural expenses of resigning a benefit, which are as per the Statement of Position 96-1, Environmental Remediation Liabilities. It has been additionally observed that the recommended direction for treatment is legitimately pertinent to the various rules is appeared in SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, and Interpretation under FASB (FIN) No. 14, Reasonable Estimation in an occurrence of a Loss. The organizations need to evaluate further the chance of the results or misfortune. The assurance identified with the gatherings is fundamental. The possibilities identified with the people matter are additionally examined. In different cases, it tends to be observed that the real expense later on may veer off from the evaluations because of different sorts of the vulnerabilities, which apparently arises from the natural exposures (Fasb.org. 2017). The organizations are additionally observed to save ecological liabilities and retirement of the drawn out working resources through the advisors who are known to follow the direction given under SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,. It has been additionally observed that the expense are swelled as per the expansion factor and they are believed to be limited by conforming to the credit-balanced hazard free rate. The deviations in the loan costs, expansion and the evaluated costs are defenseless to the sums, which are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Henceforth, it must be expected that the varieties in the few contemplations made would not drastically affect the Consolidated Statement of Operations. It has been additionally seen that if there should arise an occurrence of the shut offices the noteworthy changes in the financing costs, expansion and the evaluated costs can have impressive effect on the recorded sum, which are perceived under the Restru cturing Charges. A portion of different contemplations for the advantage retirement by the organizations can be plainly related under the note 17. The organizations are likewise observed to be record the Environmental Liabilities and Asset Retirement Obligation dependent on the outsider evaluations for the expense of remediation, which are believed to be recently worked in the assessments for the lawful expenses. These are legitimately observed to be following the rules given by (SFAS) No. 5, which are believed to be in consistence with Accounting for Contingencies (Sec.gov. 2017). The acknowledgment of the conceded charge liabilities supposedly is significant for recognizing the different sorts of the distinctions that will add to the altogether available sums in the years to come. The aggregate sum, which is acquired for the arrival of that receivable, will be considered as available in nature. Subsequently, a conceded charge risk is seen in the current year for the pertinent duties sum

The Past and Present of College Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Past and Present of College Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Past and Present of College Admissions You hear it all the time Back when I was applying to college . Yes, things have changed over the last 20+ years in admissions, but trust me, that is actually not a bad thing in many cases. I am currently reading a book titled Factfulness by Hans Rosling, and he writes about how, in contrast to what some would have us believe, life is a great deal better today as compared to the past. While there are still areas where the world can improve greatly, Rosling shows that in areas ranging from poverty, health, war, food, etc, the world is actually moving in a positive direction. From the admissions side of the table, there have been some amazing improvements over the years. Here are a few things I remember from when I first started working in the UGA Admissions office. There was a point in time when we only accepted paper applications. We would print them out and do a huge mailing in late summer to get the applications out to both students and high schools. This also meant that we needed a large staff of people who did one job, entering in a students biographical data (name, address, school, etc.) into our record system. Every year, we would need to have the printing of the applications bid out (and of course, lowest bidder won the job), and that year, a printing company based out of a state prison won the bid. I can still remember driving to a high school in Louisiana when I got a call from my boss to see if I had heard about the printing issues. A riot had broken out in the prison, and our application print job was on hold due to the issue. Imagine explaining that to students calling in wanting an application sent to them. When you have thousands of paper applications, you need to have a place to put them. Our office had roughly 20-30 six foot high file cabinets for all the application files, and we used bankers boxes (or open lid boxes) to route files by application submission date from one part of the process to the other. Every day when documents came in, we would have to either match them to existing files (by running around and finding the right box) or putting them in the orphan documents bins, which we would then check every day against the new applications for the day. Old methods were not just relegated to the application process. For a long period of time, one state used to require admissions people to bring their own table to every college fair. Luckily, this state was within easy driving distance, and we would just have a card table ready for anyone traveling to that state. The world of google maps on your cell phone roughly ten years ago was a break-through for admission travel, as we survived on three things; Old paper maps that were horrible to fold and did not function well while driving, Mapquest/Garmin, which seemed to get you lost as many times as it helped to get somewhere, and driving around looking for school signs or the lights for the HS football fields. It was even worse in some cities, as I clearly remember visiting schools in New Orleans and having the street dead end at one of the many canals in the city and seeing the high school just across the water. Everything was paper. I mean we were overrun with paper. One record setting year, we came back from the December holiday time to 45 bins of mail. It was ugly. The applications were filled out by hand and sent in by mail, the recommendation letters were all done by hand, the transcripts were mailed in, and even a number of test score results were sent by paper. And then it became a game of find the file so you could add all the paper to the application. Then you add in all the paper we sent out, from postcards letting students know what was missing (and it was out of date immediately due to materials flowing in daily), brochures being mailed out, letters being sent, etc. The worst were decision letters done in house in envelopes that had to be licked. Paper cuts on your tongue are the worst. I almost cried when we got our first real recruitment system that sent out automated emails. I did cry when we got our first batch of peel and close envelopes for acceptance packets. Admissions give-aways are so much better these days. Twenty years ago, the best you would get would be a bumper sticker for your car (not even a static sticker, but an actual bumper sticker) or a pen/pencil with UGA on the side. Now youre getting socks, shirts, backpacks, sunglasses, phone popsockets, stickers, etc. Enjoy it while you can. While college admissions has its challenges, there was a whole other layer of challenges 20 or so years ago. Be glad that you can submit your application online, that test scores and documents can be matched in seconds to your file, and that you can see your admissions status page online. Like Billy Joel sings in Keeping the Faith, cause the good ole days werent always good, and tomorrow aint as bad as it seems.

Chemical Engineer Salary and Experience

Chemical engineering is one of the highest paying degrees for entry level jobs, with even higher payscales for experienced chemical engineers. Chemical engineers tend to be in high demand and are much more employable than chemists. Heres a look at typical salary ranges for chemical engineers. Chemical Engineer Salary Survey Based on Experience Chemical engineers can earn good salaries straight out of school, but years of experience or higher education can double the salary rate. Chemical Engineer 1 Year Experience: $51,710 - $66,286 Chemical Engineer with 1-4 Years Experience: $56,206 - $70,414 Chemical Engineer with 5-9 Years Experience: $64,618 - $84,199 Chemical Engineer with 10-19 Years Experience: $74,546 - $101,299 Chemical Engineer with More than 20 Years Experience: $83,304 - $126,418 Salary survey based on experience is from PayScale.com. According to the US Department of Labor (2008), the median salary for chemical engineering was $78,860. The middle 50% of chemical engineers had salaries between $67,420 and $105,000. The UKs Institution of Chemical Engineers (2006) reported the average starting salary for chemical engineering graduates was  £24,000, with an average salary for all chemical engineers of about  £53,000.

Lies Youve Been Told About Report Writing Online

Lies You've Been Told About Report Writing Online To continue to keep your report organized and simple to understand, there's a particular format to follow. Introduction The very first page of the report should have an introduction. Some projects need other sorts of software, including spreadsheets or video editing. The format of the title part of your report would be contingent on the duration of the said document. Writing reports isn't difficult, even when you're not a writer or don't have any interest in writing. Report writing tips are easily obtainable on the web. When you are finished you can click Back to List' to return to the major list to reassess the information that you have entered for reports. Our Inventory Report Templates are among the examples. Writing a report involves a similar procedure, and it may seem far more intimidating than making a home out of Legos. Reports function as a kind of written assessment to discover what you've learned from your reading, research or experience and to supply you with experience of an important skill that's popular in the job place. Writing reports is a truth of life for students, but it doesn't need to be difficult. Writing and selling short reports can be among the most lucrative methods to make money on the internet. The body of your report typically includes the greatest number of pages. To start with, it's important to specify which sort of reports is necessary for a specific function. A report was made to lead people throughout the info in a structured way, but also to allow them to discover the info they want quickly and easily. Keeping a few important points in mind, you can compose a skilled and perfect small business report. You need to be able to not just present the info, but you also need to be in a position to relate it to the issue or issue of the report. Essentially, a report is a brief, sharp, concise document that's written for a specific purpose and audience. After you are clear about the aim of your report, you want to start to gather relevant details. The sole point of a report is to objectively present readers with all the appropriate info in regard to a specific matter. Reading the report to an audience may also assist a writer to prevent some mistakes while additionally keeping the focus and aim of the report. Because you ultimately wish to present your report in a detailed and logical way, it's important to remember what your audience would like to see in your report. Exceptional report writers understand the importance of scope and so concentrate on specific facets of a subject or topic till they decide on a topic. You will often get a crystal clear brief for a report, including what it is that you are studying and for whom the report needs to be ready. While writing your report, you ought to be impartial. Whether you've conducted research to compose a post or maybe to study about rural development, it's vital that you compile an appropriate research report which you may then submit to the higher officials. When you are requested to compose a report you will normally be provided a report brief which supplies you with instructions and guidelines. It is imperative to compose a report in an orderly way. While submitting your reports you must make certain that the report is in the necessary format. On the flip side, an informal report is usually a brief and direct report that may be delivered through an email or memo. You could also see excellent report examples. You might want to present your report in an easy and concise style that is not difficult to read and navigate. Report writing format templates are required when you're requested to compose a report or research paper on a certain topic. Facts, Fiction and Report Writing Online Report writing is thought to be a secondary task when implementing development projects. A training report can arrive in various categories. Your Report Writing trainer is going to be assigned to you following the outcomes of your diagnostic consultancy depending on your objectives and regions of focus. It is very important to compose a fast and complete training report.

First day on the new job Free Essays

First Day on the New Job Many people look forward to the first day of work at a new Job. There are new people to meet, much to learn, and money to be made. While I’ve had other Jobs prior to starting my last Job, nothing could have prepared me for the type of work environment that I encountered when I walked In to begin my employment. We will write a custom essay sample on First day on the new job or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first day of my Job at a retail store was less than pleasing First I come in the store at 10:00 A. M. The manager Introduced the dally meeting In hich she talked about the goal and training of the day. She assigned me the Fitting Room Section, was alone, and the company never gave me the training about â€Å"Work in the fitting room†. The first hour was slow, but little by little, a lot of customers were on line for trying on the outfits, â€Å"Oh my God†, I didn’t know what to do because I had to hang up all the clothes people didn’t want to buy. and I had to assist the customers. Anyway â€Å"First is the first, the customers†. I ask the customers. â€Å"How many Items, do you have? , if the Customer had more â€Å"6† items to try on, this is not allowed Inside the section, only â€Å"6† or less. All the clothes the customers didn’t want were accumulated under the rack. Suddenly a manager entered to the section and said angrily: â€Å"It’s too much, it’s too much†. felt nervous but then I thought â€Å"I won’t mind her because I am alone†. My other co-workers werent there in that moment. I didn’t like my job because I have to work standing up. The most of the people are younger than me In the store. I knew that if I had to work with these people every day t wouldn’t make me feel comfortable. There would be nothing to talk about and we would have nothing in common. They would always be telling me what to do and they thought that I was incapable to do the Job maybe because of my age. I was not looking forward to working with them. The first day on my new Job was uncomfortable. I didn’t want to work with the people who were there, and I wasnt satisfied with the hours and money. They began to give me less hours and I found myself wasting more money on transportation than I was aining working there. How to cite First day on the new job, Papers

Personality an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Personality I. Introduction Puzzling people move all around us. You are one and I am one. Evidence to show that we are single, clearcut individuals is meager; in fact, a large number of studies indicate that each of us alters our personalities and behaves differently, depending upon circumstances. Apparently the same ability holds true regarding ourselves. We do all manner of quite bizarre things that dont fit together objectivelylike the good Christian tax-evaderbut these contradictions dont make us come apart or feel we are two different peopleinstead, I am just me, all one person. We see all parts of ourselves as fitting together; usually it is the mental patient, ironically, who detects the discrepancies, and they are quite worrisome to him. Need essay sample on "Personality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Personality theorists fall prey to the desire for unity for its own sake all the time. As one author has pointed out, for example, if a woman is sometimes fiercely independent and sometimes rather docile, the psychologist tends to lump these two behaviors together, concluding, for example, that she is actually quite independent and dominating, but to satisfy this need for domination, sometimes she must pretend to be docile (Mischel, 2001). This is pretty tricky reasoning. The point is that personality theorists to oversimplify; at least be aware of this as we discuss personality.Nonetheless, science cannot advance without some organization, and personality theories provide this structure, that is, something psychologists can at least grab hold of so they have some framework for discussion and experimentation. Personality is difficult to define for at least two reasons. For one, personality is differently defined by different theorists. Freud, for example, would have said that personality is made up of behavior patterns resulting from the handling of sexual and aggressive impulses during childhood. Others see the origins of behavior differently. The second difficulty is that personality is the ultimate in complexity and variability. How do we explain Mr. Jones, who is the following: a tax-evader, a shifty business operator during the week, a faithful and apparently sincere churchgoer on Sunday, a dynamo at work and very meek at home? What is personality? Any definition could give rise to legitimate complaints. But, in order to give the discussion some structure, a definition is needed: personality consists of relatively enduring behavior patterns that result in fairly consistent reactions to a number of different situations.Personality theory attempts to pinpoint specific types of people, determine what is responsible for producing that type of person, and make predictions about their behavior that will hold true most of the time. II. Background A. The Meaning of Personality Personality is a fascinating area of study, but a difficult concept to define. In this study, we define personality as the organization of an individuals distinguishing characteristics, attitudes, or habits; it includes the individuals unique ways of thinking, behaving, or otherwise experiencing the environment. The qualities that make up ones personality are relatively stable and organized into a totality. With this definition of personality in mind, we can identify four separate tasks that personality psychologists have addressed (Runyan, 2003). To analyze individual and group differences. Why are people different from each other? Are members of some groups more similar to each other than other groups? For example, are there personality dimensions that influence the way we experience life events such as the midlife transition? To understand particular individuals. Students tell us that this is a major reason that they take introductory psychology. They want to find out what makes peoplethemselves and others do the things they do. To study personality processes. There are many personality processes, including altruism and sex-role differences. For example, are masculinity and feminity dimensions of personality that influence behavior in predictable ways?To develop general theories of personality. Theories of personality are unified explanations for the totality of individual behavior. III. Discussion A. Research Issues in Personality Psychologists have approached these tasks using a wide variety of research methods (Craik, 2003). Knowledge about peoples personalities can be obtained from their everyday conduct, as is the case in field studies. People also reveal themselves through the products of their imaginations, and this technique is used when personality tests known as projective tests are given to people. A straightforward approach to gathering personality data is to ask people to fill out self-report inventories about their characteristics. With this method, two risks are apparent: People may not be fully aware of what they are like; and if they are, they may wish to cover up some of the flaws they perceive. We gain information of a different sort about personality when we ask others for their impressions of specific people. This technique is known as the use of observer reports in research. Life histories, such as those biographies and autobiographies, and archival material provide a rich source of data o n particular individuals for the study of personality. Clinical case histories, on which many of the major theories are based, fall into this category. The most carefully controlled information comes from behavior in laboratory studies of personality. Although control is maximized in laboratory studies, it is sometimes at the expense of naturalistic experiences. No single source of information about personality is the ideal, correct source. All these methods are important for obtaining information about personality. Published research on personality, however, relies heavily on self-report inventories and laboratory studies with limited samples of people. Between 1998 and 2002, 85% of the research published in major journals used these two methods, and approximately two thirds of the research used under-graduate samples (Craik, 2003). However, there has been a trend in recent years toward greater use of biographical material, sometimes referred to as psychobiography, in the study of personality (Alexander, 2003). B. Psychoanalytic Models of Personality According to psychoanalytic models of personality, people are born with psychic energy that is transformed and redirected during their normal course of development into complex human behavior. In the psychoanalytic view, the human mind is an active agent, with divisions that keep some material from entering conscious experience. We consider in detail psychoanalytic view, the human mind is an active agent, with divisions that keep some material from entering conscious experience. We consider in detail the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud and, to a lesser extent, other psychoanalytic perspectives. Freuds Psychosexual Theory Freud developed most of his theory through his studies of his patients, people who sought his help or were referred to him for help for psychological problems. These problems, he believed, were related to the ways that instinctual energy was channeled. For example, patients suffering from hysteria, a disorder in which physical symptoms are present without apparent organic basis, were suspected if allowing their sexual energy to build up without appropriately discharging (Freud, 1977). According to Freud, there are two sources of instinctual energy that are the ultimate cause of all activity (Freud, 1977). One instinct accounts for feelings and behavior related to self-preservation and preservation of the species, including sexual behavior; Freud called this the life instinct (eros). The other instinct, called the death instinct (thanatos), impels the person toward aggression and destruction (Freud, 1977). Most of Freuds work on personality was concerned with the life instinct. However, Freuds views in aggression and its place in civilization merit a slight digression. Primitive people, according to Freud, had no restrictions on the expressions of their instincts. Expression of sexual urges was not restricted by social norms and decorum. Contemporary civilized societies, however, place fairly rigid restrictions on sexual expression. We can only have intercourse in appropriate places and with certain people or we face severe social sanctions. Similarly, civilization limits expression of our aggressive instincts. Freud felt that aggression was a derivative of the death instinct, and that it could be channeled in two different directions. If directed toward the self, then the individual risks self-destruction. If directed away from the self, aggression is the result. Because of the instinct demands some kind of expression, a decrease in aggression increases the risk of self-destruction (Freud, 1977). Freuds views on aggression are controversial in a number of respects. For one thing, he tells us that civilization itself is part of our problem. IV. Conclusion From a practical point of view, Freuds notion that aggression is an instinct that demands some kind of releaseinstead of a form of social behavior that can be increased or decreased through environmental circumstancesis especially controversial. Consider the case of television violence. If Freuds views are correct, then watching televised violence might actually be a good thing. People could reduce their aggressive instincts through catharsis, on relief of the emotions from viewing the experiences of others. Perhaps no aspect of everyday life is more common than watching television. In the average American household the television set is on more than 6 hours a day, and the average child between the ages of 2 and 11 watches it for about 3 hours daily. Estimates are that by high school graduation, the average American child will have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 15,000 hours watching television. Programs aimed specifically at children, such as Saturday morning cartoons, contain a great deal of violence. The National Institute of Mental Healths report on television and behavior estimates that childrens weekend programs contain more violence than do prime-time shows (NIMH, 2002). Hundred of studies have examined the relationship between television violence and actual aggression among viewers. In one of these studies, more than 500 children in grades 1 through 5 participated in a short-term longitudinal study. Reference: Alexander, I. (2003). Personality, psychological assessment, and psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56, 265-294. Craik, F.I.M. (2003). Personality research methods: A Historical perspective. Journal of personality, 54, 18-51. Freud, S. (1977). Analysis of a phobia in five year old boy. In A Strachey & J. Strachey (Eds. And Trans.), (Vol. 10,pp. 165-305). New York: Penguin (Penguin Freud Library). Mischel, W. (2001). Continuity and change in personality. Amer. Psychol. 34:1012-1018. National Institute Mental Health (2002). Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties: Vol. 6. Summary report (DHHS Publication No. ADM 95-1195). Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office. Pervin, L.A. (2005). Personality: Current controversies, issues, and directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 83-114. Runyan, W.M. (2003). Progress in psychobiography. Journal of Personality, 56, 295-326.